This is currently in evidence with the Labour Government’s push to lock in elements of their Three Waters reform programme by sneaking in a rule that says a future Parliament would need 60 per cent of MPs to vote to change the ownership of the new water services. Constitutional legal experts are outraged by a move they say is unparalleled and sets a dangerous new precedent for how governments make law.
The change occurred late on Wednesday night, when Parliament was sitting under urgency, with Labour and the Greens ramming through legislation on their Three Waters reform programme. Out of nowhere, Green MP Eugenie Sage proposed an amendment to the Three Waters legislation that would require future parliaments to achieve a 60 per cent vote in order to privatise the new water entities.
This was slipped in without proper debate, and certainly without the chance for the public to make submissions on this key part of the law. Critics suggest that the Minister of Local Government Nanaia Mahuta arranged with the Green MP to slip the change in at the last minute. Both Mahuta and Sage have since publicly defended the change that Labour and the Greens voted in favour of.
Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern is now under pressure to backtrack on the law change, and today she told RNZ “We’ll discuss that in caucus and take another look at that.”
Why the change is controversial
It’s a core democratic principle that Parliament should be able to make and change laws when they have a majority of support – over 50 per cent of MPs. But this Three Waters decision changes that to that 60 per cent. A future Parliament is therefore bound by the decisions of the current one – which is regarded as unconstitutional by legal scholars.
There are some accepted constitutional exceptions to the 50 per cent rule for changing laws, but these are only for certain laws relating to elections. For example, changing the voting age requires a “super-majority” of 75 per cent of MPs.
The entrenchment of electoral law, requiring a 75 per cent majority to change the way that Parliament is elected, has long been a consensus. It is agreed upon by all parties, because it relates to how politicians are elected. It is accepted that the rules for elections need special protection so that they aren’t simply changed in order to advantage the politicians currently in power.
In the case of Three Waters, the level of 60 per cent was chosen by Labour and the Greens, because that is the amount of votes that they currently have in Parliament. There is no principled argument for it being 60 per cent, and a higher level would have been chosen if Labour and the Greens could have made it higher.
Why the change could set a dangerous precedent
Critics of the Labour-Green law change say it sets a “dangerous precedent”. A number of constitutional law scholars have published an open letter today warning about this. They argue that governments should not use the entrenchment mechanism for trying to lock in their own reforms on standard policy changes.
They warn it could set off a “race to the bottom” in which various left and right governments just entrench the policies that they feel strongly about, and it becomes an anti-democratic game, in which a government tries to tie the hands of successors. Ultimately, it brings the constitution under pressure, and is likely to invite the courts to intervene in Parliamentary matters.
Constitutional expert Andrew Geddis of Otago University writes today that the change is “potentially momentous” for parliamentary governance – with “MPs placing handcuffs on tomorrow’s MPs”. Others have called it “democratic vandalism”.
It’s also worth pointing out that the Government’s Crown Law Office advised Labour against the change, and the Department of Internal Affairs had also stated that entrenchment was “inappropriate” for a law that was not about electoral issues.
Support for the change
Not everyone is criticising the change. Some supporters of Labour and the Greens have come out in favour.
For example, ActionStation’s Max Harris, a scholar of constitutional law, argues that it is entirely reasonable to entrench the Three Waters law, partly citing the need for “proper protection of rights under Te Tiriti o Waitangi”. And he points out that there is “nothing in NZ’s uncodified constitution that says what can and cannot be entrenched”.
The Greens, too, have doubled down on the change. Eugenie Sage has gone on Twitter to defend her move, explaining that entrenchment was necessary because “water is essential to life, so it is of sufficient importance”. She also tweeted that “Officials advised against it but there is no obligation to always take their advice.”
The whole episode should be one of huge concern for the democratically-minded. And the fact that Labour and the Greens don’t see the democratic problems with their law change is alarming. It is also concerning that the opposition parties haven’t picked up the extent of the problem and publicised it.
Ultimately, the growing public outcry will likely be too strong for Labour to ignore. But it also says something that the Government have been so keen to push through such a bad law. This really doesn’t seem like the actions of a government that expects to be in power for very much longer.
Dr Bryce Edwards is a politics lecturer at Victoria University and director of Critical Politics, a project focused on researching New Zealand politics and society. This article was first published HERE
This was slipped in without proper debate, and certainly without the chance for the public to make submissions on this key part of the law. Critics suggest that the Minister of Local Government Nanaia Mahuta arranged with the Green MP to slip the change in at the last minute. Both Mahuta and Sage have since publicly defended the change that Labour and the Greens voted in favour of.
Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern is now under pressure to backtrack on the law change, and today she told RNZ “We’ll discuss that in caucus and take another look at that.”
Why the change is controversial
It’s a core democratic principle that Parliament should be able to make and change laws when they have a majority of support – over 50 per cent of MPs. But this Three Waters decision changes that to that 60 per cent. A future Parliament is therefore bound by the decisions of the current one – which is regarded as unconstitutional by legal scholars.
There are some accepted constitutional exceptions to the 50 per cent rule for changing laws, but these are only for certain laws relating to elections. For example, changing the voting age requires a “super-majority” of 75 per cent of MPs.
The entrenchment of electoral law, requiring a 75 per cent majority to change the way that Parliament is elected, has long been a consensus. It is agreed upon by all parties, because it relates to how politicians are elected. It is accepted that the rules for elections need special protection so that they aren’t simply changed in order to advantage the politicians currently in power.
In the case of Three Waters, the level of 60 per cent was chosen by Labour and the Greens, because that is the amount of votes that they currently have in Parliament. There is no principled argument for it being 60 per cent, and a higher level would have been chosen if Labour and the Greens could have made it higher.
Why the change could set a dangerous precedent
Critics of the Labour-Green law change say it sets a “dangerous precedent”. A number of constitutional law scholars have published an open letter today warning about this. They argue that governments should not use the entrenchment mechanism for trying to lock in their own reforms on standard policy changes.
They warn it could set off a “race to the bottom” in which various left and right governments just entrench the policies that they feel strongly about, and it becomes an anti-democratic game, in which a government tries to tie the hands of successors. Ultimately, it brings the constitution under pressure, and is likely to invite the courts to intervene in Parliamentary matters.
Constitutional expert Andrew Geddis of Otago University writes today that the change is “potentially momentous” for parliamentary governance – with “MPs placing handcuffs on tomorrow’s MPs”. Others have called it “democratic vandalism”.
It’s also worth pointing out that the Government’s Crown Law Office advised Labour against the change, and the Department of Internal Affairs had also stated that entrenchment was “inappropriate” for a law that was not about electoral issues.
Support for the change
Not everyone is criticising the change. Some supporters of Labour and the Greens have come out in favour.
For example, ActionStation’s Max Harris, a scholar of constitutional law, argues that it is entirely reasonable to entrench the Three Waters law, partly citing the need for “proper protection of rights under Te Tiriti o Waitangi”. And he points out that there is “nothing in NZ’s uncodified constitution that says what can and cannot be entrenched”.
The Greens, too, have doubled down on the change. Eugenie Sage has gone on Twitter to defend her move, explaining that entrenchment was necessary because “water is essential to life, so it is of sufficient importance”. She also tweeted that “Officials advised against it but there is no obligation to always take their advice.”
The whole episode should be one of huge concern for the democratically-minded. And the fact that Labour and the Greens don’t see the democratic problems with their law change is alarming. It is also concerning that the opposition parties haven’t picked up the extent of the problem and publicised it.
Ultimately, the growing public outcry will likely be too strong for Labour to ignore. But it also says something that the Government have been so keen to push through such a bad law. This really doesn’t seem like the actions of a government that expects to be in power for very much longer.
Dr Bryce Edwards is a politics lecturer at Victoria University and director of Critical Politics, a project focused on researching New Zealand politics and society. This article was first published HERE
4 comments:
The stupid thing about this is Labour and the Greens want to change the law so that Water ownership stays in public hands.
It already is in public hands and run by Councils. Three waters is about removing public ownership and handing it over to Māori.
The Government are so confused they can’t actually make any reasonable argument as to why we’re doing this in the first place.
It’s a cluster of lies and deception.
Tainui have already said that they want to.stop akl taking water from the waikato river. Once we can't get water from our taps, then what happens? The govt won't be able to.do anything as iwi will have full control. Why are labour doing this to our country? Even the un would not be expecting a country like nz to remove it's democracy.
Thanks Bryce. I really like your statement;
"This really doesn’t seem like the actions of a government that expects to be in power for very much longer."
Í fervently hope they won't be.
I have emailed my local MP to tell him to stop it today. I suggest all readers do that too.
MC
Bryce, Please correct me if I'm wrong;
If a part of a bill is entrenched, does that mean the whole bill is entrenched?
I'm going to assume yes, ok?
So by entrenching the part of the bill which has to do with preventing privatization, Mahuta is basically entrenching the whole bill.
Privatization is NOT the real issue though, that's just an underhanded sly way to protect the whole bill from being repealed by the next government.
The real issue is using the threat of privatization to ensure that the next government, which won't be a labour/green absolute majority, will have difficulty mustering enough votes to repeal this anti-democratic, racist, giveaway of publicly owned assets and control to Maori iwi elite.
3 Waters has ALWAYS been about Maori getting ownership and control of ALL water in NZ (just read He PuaPua). Mahuta and her family are like the pigs in Animal Farm "all animals are equal, but some are more equal".
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