National’s Marine and Coastal Area Act (2011) controversially
gave Maori tribal groups the ability to privatise New Zealand’s foreshore and
seabed out to 22.2 Km (12 nautical miles) from shore, if they could prove that
they had exclusively used and occupied an
area of the coast and territorial sea from 1840 to the present day.
Until the 2011 Act, New Zealand’s foreshore and seabed had
been in public ownership since 1840, when the colony adopted British law, under
which the territorial sea is declared a public common, to which the public
generally has access.
